Session 3: Online Reference Tools & Academic Library Reference Tools
  • Introduction

  • Online Reference Tools

  • Academic Library Reference Tools

 

Introduction

The author of one of your textbooks (Thomas Mann, The Oxford Guide to Library Research) makes a distinction between what he calls "research questions" and "reference questions."  The former, research questions, he calls "more open-ended, in the sense of not having definite 'right' or 'wrong' answers." (p. 245).

If you will, that is a distinction we will be using this semester with you.  We are, right now, looking at tools that will address those "short answer" questions having to do with missing data and information you are trying to locate.  Later in the semester, we will be addressing the more serious, "research-oriented" questions that you and other students and scholars in the social sciences have, and the resources that we will be recommending to you to use to get answers to them.  Later in the semester we will be focusing on the "research literature" of a social science discipline, but for now, we are looking at those general reference tools that you can use to find simple, factual answers to questions of specific data and information.

Online Reference Tools

First, we will deal with reference tools that are conveniently available to you via the open, public Internet.  These are the tools that you can access through your web browser for no cost at all--ever to you directly, or to you through an academic library that makes them available to you through some "authenticating" procedure.

These "freebie" tools are, in some cases, nothing more than online versions of reference "books" that are also, at a price, through a printed version.  In other cases, they have no print counterpart at all; they were just constructed as online tools for your usage.

We are going to show you a variety of web locations to get this sort of "quick lookup" service.  Some have more resources listed for you than others, and some are more up-to-date than others.  However, you should have a set of these resource pages in mind as you look for this kind of reference information.

1.  Find It On the Web

Dr. Bob has a set of pages that offer both standard reference tools (encyclopedias, dictionaries, almanacs, and so forth) as well as a separate set of "directories" that give the user information about people, their addresses (sometimes postal, sometimes email, sometimes phone numbers).  The top page of that site, Find It On the Web, is shown here:

As is indicated by the two circled areas, there are two specific end pages linked to from here that you need to access:

The Reference Tools on the Web page includes the following subcategories:
 

  • Acronyms, Abbreviations, Initialisms
  • Biography
  • Directionaries
  • Encyclopedias
  • Quotations
  • Statistics
  • Style Manuals
  • Thesauri

The second page, Directory Information, includes these subcategories:
 

  • White Pages
  • Yellow Pages
  • Toll Free
  • Area / Country Codes
  • Zip Codes
  • Associations, Businesses
  • Colleges, Universities, Schools
  • State of Oklahoma
  • States / Local Governments
  • US Government
  • Countries
  • Maps / Atlases
  • Weather
  • Currency

2.  Internet Public Library's Ready Reference Collection

An excellent collection of online resources is that of the Internet Public Library. In fact, a good place to locate a needed reference tool is the IPL's Ready Reference Collection, which contains this classification of online reference tools:
 

  • Almanacs
  • Associations & Organizations
  • Biographies
  • Calculation & Conversion Tools
  • Calendars
  • Census Data & Demographics
  • Dictionaries
  • Encyclopedias
  • Experts & How-To
  • Genealogy
  • Geography
  • News & Current Events
  • Periodical Directories
  • Quotations
  • Style and Writing Guides
  • Telephone and Address
  • Time & Weather
  • Trivia

3.  LibrarySpot's Ready Reference classification

LibrarySpot has a very good classification of ready reference tools in its left-side navigation bar.  Don't forget to check out this site; you may like it.
 

  • Acronyms
  • Almanacs
  • Associations
  • Ask an Expert
  • Biographies
  • Business
  • Calculators
  • Calendars
  • Countries
  • Current Events
  • Dictionaries
  • Directories
  • Encyclopedias
  • Genealogy
  • Government
  • Grammar/Style
  • Historic Docs
  • How to
  • Images
  • Legal
  • Maps
  • Medical
  • Music
  • People
  • Public Records
  • Quotations
  • States
  • Statistics
  • Thesauri
  • Time
  • White Pages
  • Yellow Pages
  • Zip Codes

4.  RefDesk.com

Although many find it a horribly complex, crowded site to find things on, RefDesk.com offers some useful tools for the user who can put up with its pathetically cluttered page layout.

Academic Library Reference Tools

There are a number of reference tools that are in a digital or online format but which you can only have access to if either you or your institutional affiliation has "paid for" your access to them.  We usually refer to these services as "authenticated access" services, because the library you are attempting to "go through" to get access to these tools is subscribing to these tools for all its institutional audiences to use.  OU Libraries does this, for example, for its official "users" to have access to through each user's web browser.

It doesn't matter where the OU user is located--it can be from a browser at home, for example--but the user must know his or her OUNetID and its password in order to be "authenticated" by the OU system as you being a legitimate member of the OU community.  We explain this process to you because a number of the tools and database services that you will need to access this semester for your semester-long project are authenticated OU Libraries services.

Here are reference tools (gazetteers, encyclopedias, dictionaries, directories, almanacs) that OU Libraries makes available to you currently.  Note that as you click on one of them, you will be asked to input your OUNetID and its password before gaining access to the tool.

Access to these OU resources requires you to know your OUNetID and its password:
 

Later on, on your own you can still get to these resources in the University Libraries' web site by clicking on the LORA button at the top of each University Libraries' page:

From the LORA page, you would locate the library's online reference resources by finding the entry "Reference" as shown here:

 

 

Exercise 3: Online Reference Tools


I wish for you to make yourself comfortable locating standard reference tools that are online as either completely free to you or through your OU authenticated access. 

To do that, I simply ask that you "try out" a number of the sites I gave you in Session 3.  You should know what dictionaries, encyclopedias and almanacs are available to you for quick consultation, and you should look to see what other sorts of special reference tools and directories are available to you as well.  

I will open up a D2L topic for "Exercise 3" for any comments you can make about your investigation of these reference resources.  Anything surprise you?  Anything disappoint you?


Project: Project Topic Statement & Audience


This course is intended to give your practice using a variety of the best reference, bibliographic and literature resources that define the "ways of knowing" that constitute what we call the social sciences and their related professional practice areas.

While the topical sessions and exercises I give you on a weekly basis are intended to show you--and then give you practice in--the use of this complex "knowledge apparatus," the evidence that I will get from you that shows your comprehension of this knowledge system is your final project.  Like a course term paper, your final project is the single most important way I have of assessing your understanding of the content and techniques I have exposed you to.

As you now know, each week I offer up an "exercise" for you to complete.  These exercises are only weighed in the sense that they, in total, are worth only 10 to 15 percent of your grade for the course.  It is the final project, completed by each student, that is of paramount importance. 

Final Project

Your personal research project is an opportunity for you to investigate, in a good deal of detail, what scholarly--and otherwise reliable and valid, academic--resources exist for some topic that is part of your professional or disciplinary degree area. Your project is also, by far, the main means of assessing how you did in understanding in the content of the course. It constitutes fully 85 percent of your final course grade.

The semester-length research project is a chance for you to see what exists in both the traditional, print-based resource bases of books, documents, and journals and journal articles, as well as identifying those individuals, organizations and other entities that have to do with the topic you chose to research in the newer online, digital resources of today's information environment.

The document that you build for this project--what we call a "pathfinder"--will demonstrate your mastery over the system of literature and bibliography I expose you to in the topical sessions of the course.  This project will be your evidence of mastery over the searching tools and techniques you learned about in LIS5703, Electronic Access to Social Science Research Resources.

Topical Areas

I will expect the academic or professional topic you choose to be either . . .

  1. a topic or sub-area within the discipline or professional area that matches your degree program (degree programs such as Human Relations, Public Administration, Education, Business, International Relations, . . . ) 

     or
     
  2. a cross-disciplinary or mission-oriented topic that is at least partially associated with the program area of your graduate degree.

I will expect that most of the topics of the projects I approve will be in, or directly related to, one of the social sciences or their related professional areas.

This project is not about producing fancy web documents, although most of the examples I show you will be, conveniently, available for you to see on the Internet.  The prime importance is the content you submit in your project; less important, although not unimportant, is the medium you use to present it.

A web page, with imbedded links to resources, is a very useful way of showing people how they can find something--especially if it is on the Internet!  It would be less helpful to give them a paper document with the links written on it (for them to retype in their browser). However, it is possible and fairly easy to convert a Microsoft Word document into an html page, with links built into it, right there inside of Word's menuing system.  A web document is not what this project is essentially about: it is mostly about effectively relating to an audience an overview of the major access points to knowledge about a particular topic in, or related to, your graduate degree area.

This week I will force you to begin the process of this research project by getting you to specify (and receive my feedback on) the topic of your pathfinder, the document you’ll submit as your final project at the conclusion of this course.

Take some time to review the information on the pathfinder assignment that I’ve posted for you on the LIS 5703 public website ( http://www.ou.edu/ap/lis5703 ).  The information about the pathfinder project and its criteria for evaluation are in the right column of the course page.  Information about grading is in the center column.  Here are the three sections you should reread now, at a minimum:

Under this link, we describe the pathfinder in depth (along with the annotated bibliography and bibliographic essay, which are a couple of other project formats I will allow you to use but only under particularly compelling circumstances) and provide links to sample pathfinders for your review. 

Under this link I describe the information I expect to be included in the pathfinder and provide the criteria I’ll use in grading your pathfinder. 

This link gives you a broad definition of how I define the letter grades I award.

Also, please notice

My goal is to give you the opportunity at regular intervals throughout the remainder of the course to submit draft portions of the pathfinder for feedback. 

Remember that the pathfinder is meant to demonstrate your mastery of the skills and concepts taught in the course.  By the end of the course, then, your pathfinder should be already mostly put together (since you’ve been adding pieces to it all along) and of a quality you’re comfortable with (since I’ve provided feedback to you along the way).

NOTE:  For this first pathfinder project work, submit the following two pieces of information directly to me at  jgoodson@ou.edu

You won’t post this information to a D2L topic area, but will rather send it directly to me by email (this is private information between you and me; it is not meant to be shared with others, so I don't use the D2L messaging areas for the submission of pathfinder information for approval).

1.      Your title for a topic to work on

Y
our topic should be a) some subject or topical sub-area within the discipline or professional area that matches your degree program (Human Relations, Public Administration, Education, Business, International Relations, . . . )  or b) a cross-disciplinary or mission-oriented topic that is at least partially associated with the program area of your graduate degree. This means that I will expect most of the topics of the projects I approve will be in, or directly related to, one of the social sciences or their related professional areas.  This is not an occasion for you to work on a topic that is recreational or a hobby, or about a topic in another non-social science discipline.    The course is about social science research resources, not humanities or sciences, or engineering, or architecture, or . . . .

2.      Preliminary statement of the pathfinder’s scope

This is preliminary, and you may add to it or edit it as your pathfinder develops over the next several months.  I am just giving you the opportunity to begin to formulate your pathfinder’s scope and receive feedback from me that you’re on the right track.  See the pathfinder Criteria statement and the sample pathfinders for additional information (
Criteria for Pathfinder Evaluation).

You have one week (7 calendar days) to get this email turned in to me at:

                    jgoodson@ou.edu