Phylogenetic relationships among all genera of Oleaceae were reconstructed based on the three noncoding region sequences of chloroplast genome and ITS sequences of nuclear rDNA. The phylogeny based on the noncoding region of chloroplast genome show congruent topology to the phylogeny based on the coding sequences of ndhF and rbcL. The ITS phylogeny also show conguent topology to that of chloroplast genome. Several taxa have more than two copies of ITS sequences. Both data support the paraphyly of subfamily Jasminoideae and monophyly of subfamily Oleoideae. Several uncertain alignments of sequences are encountered in the Jasminoideae both ITS and noncoding chloroplast sequences, however, the alignment within the Oleoideae was straightforward. The nonconding region data show better resolution than that of the coding region data in the subfamily Oleoideae. Within the Oleoideae, four major clades were recognized including Schrebera-Fraxinus, Forestiera-Priogymnanthus, Ligustrum-Syringa, and all other members of the tribe Oleeae. Several paraphyletic genera were recognized within the tribe Oleeae.

Key words: Oleaceae, Paraphyly, trnT-L IGS, unclear ITS, ycf-psaA IGS