Although observation of swimming sperm has become routine in classrooms, experimental determination of the duration of individual sperm activity has not been reported. By immersing male gametophytes into liquid media, allowing sperm release, then withdrawing the gametophytes, we have conducted simple tests of the duration of sperm motility for a number of species, genera, and families of leptospsorangiate ferns. Sperm activity up to two hours after release is not unusual. Further experiments test efficacy of sperm in fertilization with increasing age. Results have application to estimation of neighborhood size in still or flowing films of water that permit intergametophytic sperm transfer.

Key words: fern gametophyte, fern reproduction, fern sperm, neighborhood size