The genus Aesculus represents one of the best known examples of hybridization and introgression in plants, with four species of Sect. Pavia (A. pavia, A. sylvatica, A. flava, and A. glabra) contributing to two complex hybrid zones. Hypervariable Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers amplified via PCR were used to assess genetic diversity within the four species and their hybrids (A. sylvatica X pavia, A. glabra X flava, A. flava X sylvatica X pavia, A. sylvatica X flava). Results indicated that the ISSR markers are highly polymorphic in Aesculus and that a high level of genetic diversity is maintained within the hybrid zones. Each ISSR primer generated 16 - 27 bands and 96% of all of the bands observed are polymorphic (present in 95% - 5% of all the individuals examined). The bands observed are also highly polymorphic within species and populations. Estimated genetic similarities within and between populations show relatively low averages, but the range of values is high (0.513-0.923, Ave. 0.697 within populations, and 0.338-0.692, Ave. 0.4938 between populations). The ISSR data were analyzed using the Neighbor-joining method to determine the genetic structure of the hybrid zones. Results of this analysis support the previous findings from allozyme data that these hybrid zones have an asymmetrical structure.

Key words: Aesculus, genetic diversity, Genetic structure, Hippocastanaceae, Hybridization, ISSR