Separate phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences for 18S ribosomal RNA, rbcL, and atpB for over 400 species of angiosperms revealed highly concordant patterns of evolutionary history. Although the trees based on 18S rDNA sequences are not as well resolved as those based on rbcL or atpB, separate parsimony analyses of these three genes are consistent in most of the major lineages recovered. However, these analyses depict different groups of genera at the base of the angiosperm radiation. With this exception, the three separate analyses estimated similar patterns of phylogeny. Because of the overall concordance between trees derived from these three data sets, we combined the data into a single data set. Parsimony analyses, along with bootstrap and jackknife analyses, were then performed on the combined data set. The result was both improved resolution and increased internal support in the combined analysis. That separate analyses of these three genes recover similar clades and largely congruent patterns of relationship is strong evidence that these estimates portray the true framework of angiosperm phylogeny.

Key words: angiosperm phylogeny, combined analysis, molecular data