GUSTAFSSON, MATS H. G.*, ANITA S.-R. PEPPER, TOD F. STUESSY, AND VICTOR A. ALBERT. The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126; Institut für Botanik, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria. - Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Barnadesioideae (Asteraceae).
The Barnadesioideae are a basal subfamily of Asteraceae comprising ca.
90 species in 9 genera. It is an entirely South American group with a
characteristic floral indumentum and (in most) pseudobilabiate
corollas and paired axillary spines. Apart from the obvious relevance
of the group for determining the origin and relationships of
Asteraceae, the Barnadesioideae show interesting biogeographical
patterns with apparently recent radiations in the northern Andes from
an area of origin in the southern part of the continent. Phylogenetic
analyses of the group based on morphological data have given
conflicting results, making biogeographic interpretations difficult
(cf. Bremer 1994 and Stuessy 1996). Sequences of the trnL
intron show limited infrageneric variation, but indicate a close
relationship between the woody genus Barnadesia and the
subacaulescent herb Huarpea, a relationship also supported by
pollen morphology. Most species of Barnadesia occur at high
altitudes in the northern Andes, which may reflect a recent radiation
from a southern Brazilian or northern Argentinian area of origin.
Doniophyton comprises two species of annuals and is derived
from within the shrubby genus Chuquiraga, a relationship also
supported by anther morphology. Both genera are widespread in the
southern Andes and Patagonia, one section of Chuquiraga also
being represented in the northern high Andes. A third case of northern
Andean radiation is found within the genus Dasyphyllum which is
sister to the aforementioned clades. A study of nuclear ribosomal ITS
variation is under way, with the aim to further resolve the phylogeny
of the Barnadesioideae and reconstruct their biogeographic history in
greater detail. This research is supported by The Lewis B. and Dorothy
Cullman Foundation.
Key words: Andes, Asteraceae, Barnadedioideae, biogeography, molecular systematics