MOORE, GERRY. Department of Botany, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-0338. - Converting to a phylogenetic nomenclature: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty.
In traditional nomenclature, outlined in the bacteriological,
botanical, and zoological codes of nomenclature, taxa have
descriptions and circumscriptions while their names have types and
ranks. Recently, K. De Queiroz and J. Gauthier have developed a
phylogenetic alternative in which formal ranks are abandoned and names
of taxa are provided with verbal definitions based on descent. Under
such a system, there is greater nomenclatural stability in that a
taxon’s name does not change with a change in the taxon’s hierarchical
placement. However, this can result in the lack of uniformity among
terminations (for uninomials) and forenames (for binomials) at a given
hierarchical level. Phylogenetic definitions would increase
explicitness and universality regarding the application of names by
establishing a one-clade, one-name system. However, such a system, may
lack practicality as intensional and extensional connotations
frequently associated with a name could not be taken into
consideration when applying the name once it is defined. Also,
phylogenetic definitions attach additional elements beyond the type to
the taxon name and this can result in a reduction in taxonomic
flexibility and circumscriptional stability. Adoption of a
phylogenetic nomenclature is probably best done through the
modification of the current codes of nomenclature to permit (but not
require) the valid publication of unranked names and the development
of a supplementary code of phylogenetic nomenclature that governs the
nomenclature of such names. Such a supplemental code should buffer
against the drawbacks to phylogenetic nomenclature by allowing a
mechanism by which a phylogenetic definition could be altered to
prevent dramatic shifts in the taxon’s circumscription. Such a code
will also have to address numerous nitty-gritty nomenclatural issues
including: typification, priority assignment to binomials, a starting
point for priority, use of names originally established under the
current codes of nomenclature, valid publication, and legitimacy.
Key words: nomenclature, phylogenetic, taxon, type