Segregation of Apocynaceae s.l. into Apocynaceae s.s., Periplocaceae and Asclepiadaceae has in past be based largely on the degree of floral synorganization. Current morphological and molecular research, ours based on 150 sequences of the trnL-F region, places the Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae within the higher Apocynaceae s.s. but resolution at this interface is not clearly defined. This lack of resolution is mirrored by dispersal characteristics. Dispersal traits have thus far have not received critical evaluation within a phylogenetic context. The distinguishing seed coma of the Asclepiadaceae/Periplocaceae is characteristic of the interface and above and may derive from naked seeds of fleshy fruits (Carisseae s.s.) and not from less derived circum-alate or -ciliate taxa (Aspidosperma, Plumeria, Haplophyton). Critical evaluation of dispersal characteristics appear to be phylogenetically informative but certain characteristics (seed wing, ciliate coma) require additional study. Furthermore, relationships between invaginate placentae and arils (seed presentation traits) require further investigation especially within the Tabernaemontaneae and related tribes.

Key words: Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, dispersal, Periplocaceae, relationships