The nine species of Lycianthes series Meizonodontae are perennial herbs native to Mexico and Central America. Several of the species have edible fruits and one (L. moziniana (Dun.) Bitter) has potential as a crop plant. A phylogenetic analysis of the species based on 34 morphological and chemical characters clearly supports the monophyly of the series and indicates that there are two main clades, one including L. moziniana and its close relatives and the other including L. ciliolata (Mart. et Gal.) Bitter and its close relatives. A more recent analysis based on molecular data (the ITS region of the nuclear genome and the trnT-trnF spacers of the chloroplast genome) supports the monophyly of the L. ciliolata group but the group containing L. moziniana is shown as paraphyletic, with L. moziniana and L. peduncularis (Schlchtd.) Bitter sister to the L. ciliolata group in an unresolved trichotomy and L. dejecta (Fern.) Bitter as the basal member of the series. Given these results, the evolution within the series of such traits as fruit type, soil preference, and pollen type will be discussed.

Key words: Lycianthes, phylogeny, Solanaceae, systematics