HERR, JOHN M., JR. Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. - A revision of the telome theory for the origin of megaphylls.
According to the telome theory, leaves (megaphylls) originated from
isotomous, cruciate branches of dichotomous shoot systems (e.g.,
Rhynia). Reduced growth in alternating branches of successive
dichotomies, overtopping, formed lateral branch sets. The
cruciate branches were reoriented to one plane (planation)
followed by lateral fusion (syngenesis or webbing) to
form flat, isotomously veined laminae. Revision of the telome concept
here is based in part on development of primary leaves in some ferns
(e.g.,Woodwardia virginica) that have shown minimal change
since their origin. In a Rhynia type shoot system, reduced
growth in alternating branches of successive dichotomies (anisotomy)
accomplished overtopping and the establishment of lateral
indeterminate sets of isotomous, cruciate branches. In each
set, progressive growth reduction basipetally established a
determinate branch system, the most primitive expression of a
new structure--the leaf. With a change from three to two division
planes in the apical cell of each initial lateral truss, the branches
became flat instead of cylindrical (fasciation). The elements
of each lateral truss thus appeared collectively as a deeply divided,
simple leaf with dichotomous cruciate lobes. A gradual or sudden
increase in the rate of basipetal growth reduction produced a
shallow-lobed lamina, not by lateral fusion of adjacent free elements
(webbing), but by progressive equalization of lobe and
interlobe growth. The intact blade in early ontogeny was curved
because of the cruciate placement of the second dichotomy. Flattening
occurred at the third set of dichotomies where basipetal reduction of
growth and lamina development forced planation on the cruciate
system. Divided and compound leaves evolved later with a resurgence
of anisotomous growth within simple laminae.
Key words: Leaf origin, Megaphyll, Telome Theory