MIKESELL, JAN E. Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325. - Influences of plant density and root excision on development in Zea mays.
Effects of plant density (1, 2, 4 or 8 plants) and root excision
(detipping the terminal 1 mm of root apices) were investigated during
the life of 16 day-old corn plants. Few differences were exhibited in
organ (kernel, root or shoot)or overall plant biomass when comparing
intact to excised plants. Comparing organ biomss of the 4 plant
densities within each group did reveal differences, however. These
differences were especially evident when comparing biomass values at
the maximum density (8 plants grown together) to the 3 lower plant
densities of the excised group. Decreased values of root and shoot
dry weights occurred in plants maintained in groups of 8. In both
intact and excised plants and at all 4 plant densities, kernel and
root dry weights exhibited the highest and lowest biomass proportions,
respectively. The average kernel weight was nearly 45%, while roots
averaged 31% of the total plant biomass. Only single intact plants
were exceptions, where root biomass exceeded kernel weight (40% to
29%). The number of roots produced per plant was significantly
greater in excised seedlings. This increased root number was
noticeable in 9 day-old plants and continued at all densities
throughout the 16 day study. The range of increased root number was 1
1/3 - 2 times. The length of primary roots was longer in intact
seedlings, first being evident in 7 day-old seedlings. By the time
plants were 16 days old, intact plants had primary roots ranging from
2 3/4 - 5 times longer. In excised plants, rates of primary root
elongation were negligible during the 16 day study. Primary root
elongation in intact plants averaged 1 1/4 - 2 cm per day at all
densities.
Key words: corn, density, excision, maize, root, Zea mays