SCRIBAILO, ROBIN W. Biological Sciences, Purdue University North Central, Westville, IN 46391-9528. - Floral development inSyngonium podophyllum(Araceae).
The Araceae consisting of some 105 genera and over 3300 species is one
of the most diverse families of angiosperms in both vegetative and
floral morphology. Despite extensive attempts at classification of the
family by anatomical and molecular methods little concensus has been
reached on the classification of aroids above the tribal level. Part
of the difficulty in determining relationships among aroids centers
around a general lack of understanding of the types of developmental
modifications that have contributed to the tremendous array of floral
diversity in the family. Of particular interest in terms of
classification of the family is the derivation of unisexual from
bisexual flowers. Subfamilial classification in the family has been,
in part, variously interpreted based on decisions concerning the
evolution of unisexuality. As part of a longer term study of
development in the Araceae with the goal of elucidating ontogenetic
mechanisms responsible for generation of floral diversity, a study of
floral development was undertaken in an array of species with
unisexual flowers in the subfamily Aroideae (sensu
latoMayo, Bogner and Boyce, 1997). Primary objectives of the study
were to: 1) describe patterns of development of male, female and
sterile flowers with particular reference to "transition"
stages 2) compare patterns of development among genera with unisexual
flowers to determine the commonality of ontogenetic mechanisms
contirbuting to divergences in floral form. Emphasis in this paper is
primarily focussed on a study of floral development inSyngonium
podophyllum. Preserved shoot and floral material of this species
was dissected and examined by SEM. Syngonium is monoecious
producing a spadix with an apical zone of male flowers with stamens
united in synandria, an intermediate zone of sterile flowers, and a
small basal zone of female flowers with connate gynoecia. Patterns of
development will be contrasted with those observed for Cercestis
congensisand Peltandra virginica.
Key words: Araceae, classification, floral development, Syngonium, unisexuality