TIBBETTS, TIMOTHY J.* AND FRANK W. EWERS. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312. - Is increased water transport responsible for the invasive nature of Celastrus orbiculatus? Specific conductivity and root pressure in temperate lianas: exotic Celastrus orbiculatus versus native Vitis riparia.
Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. is a pest species that has become
a weed in Michigan. It occurs in many of the same habitats as the
native species Vitis riparia Michaux. However, C.
orbiculatus frequently develops into extensive monospecific
infestations, while V. riparia does not. Root pressures in
Vitis have been implicated as vital to the recovery of xylem
function in wide vessels following winter freezes. For both of these
lianas (woody vines) we investigated water conductance and root
pressure as possible explanatory factors for their differential
spread. According to our hypothesis, C. orbiculatus should
produce greater or more frequent root pressures than V.
riparia. However, the reverse proved true. This indicates that
root pressure is not a prerequisite for weedy proliferation of the
exotic temperate liana C. orbiculatus. Additionally, the
seasonal trends for specific conductivity indicate that each species
responds differently to environmental constraints. Vitis
riparia establishes conductivity early in the growing season,
before the leaves emerge, using root pressure to reverse embolism, but
loses conductivity early in the autumn with the first freeze.
Celastrus orbiculatus is slow to establish conductivity,
depending on new wood production, but leafs out sooner than V.
riparia and maintains conductivity far into the autumn beyond the
first freeze. These results indicate that root pressures are not
responsible for the invasive success of C. orbiculatus, and
suggest that other parameters must be key to its prolific invasion.
Key words: Celastrus orbiculatus, hydraulic conductivity, liana, root pressure, Vitis riparia, water transport