MARR, DEBORAH L.* AND LYNDA F. DELPH. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. Address for correspondence to D. Marr: Department of Biology, Box 1812 Station B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235. - Spatial and temporal dynamics of a pollinator-transmitted pathogen, Microbotryum violaceum, and its long-lived host, Silene acaulis.
One of the consequences of spatial and temporal patchiness is that
pathogens do not exert a homogeneous selective force on their hosts.
We have been studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of Silene
acaulis, a long-lived perennial, and Microbotryum violaceum
(= Ustilago violacea), a pollinator-transmitted fungal pathogen
that sterilizes its host, to better understand the impact the pathogen
has on host population dynamics. Complete spatial maps of S.
acaulis were made for six 60 m2 plots; host density
ranged from 2 to 27 plants per m2 and disease frequency
ranged from 1% to 26%. We have been recording changes in flowering
status, disease status, appearance of new recruits, and death for six
years. The spatial pattern of disease, host gender, and juveniles was
analyzed at the level of nearest-neighbors and over the scale of
several meters. Diseased plants were significantly clustered at a
scale of less than one meter, but plants were not segregating by
gender at the scale of meters. Clustering of diseased plants was
weaker in plots with high host densities. Juvenile plants were
clustered and tended to not have either healthy or disease adults as
nearest neighbors. The temporal dynamics of disease spread and host
population growth show that the number of new juveniles was variable
across years, but was always higher than either the rate of disease
spread (<1%) or host mortality (<5%). Although the rate of disease
spread per year was low, plants rarely lost infection. The
combination of stable infections, host longevity, slow rate of disease
spread, and higher rate of host population growth suggests that the
interactions between S. acaulis and M. violaceum are
unlikely to result in rapid extinction of either host or pathogen
populations.
Key words: Microbotryum violaceum, pollinator-transmitted pathogen, Silene acaulis, spatial structure, temporal dynamics, Ustilago violacea