SZAREK, STAN R.*, E. SHELLY COLE,, AND JENNIFER FLOOD. Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287-1601 USA. - Local adaptation in seed germination of the desert shrub Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa, Asteraceae).
Studies of a Brittlebush population occurring in the Sonoran Desert
were conducted from 1986 through 1997. One component of this work was
to determine the extent to which local adaptation has occurred in the
seed biology of plants growing along a short topographic/aridity
gradient. Mature seeds were collected from Wash and Ridge microsites
along the gradient. Current-year seed and 2-year-old seed - for the
years 1994 and 1996, and 1995 and 1997 - did not exhibit adaptive
differences in germination capacity or the "half-time" to
reach maximum germination when comparisons were made using microsite
of seed origin. Two-year storage, in paper bags at room temperature,
accelerated the germination rate when seeds were provided with
overhead misting. Mean germination times were near 12 days for
current-year (97) seeds versus near 7 days for 2-year-old (95) seeds
when temperatures during misting were about 35/25 C. At lower
glasshouse temperatures, the between-year difference in germination
time decreased to less than 2 days. However, dry storage always
accelerated the germination rate. Other Brittlebush populations were
sampled for local seed adaptations across a long distance (330 km)
precipitation gradient in the Sonoran Desert. Winter rains (November
01 through May 31)for three locations were, on average: 46 mm near
Yuma, AZ; 94 mm near Phoenix, AZ; and 218 mm near Bartlett Reservoir,
AZ. Adaptive differences in the germination rate were evident when
using seed from populations at these three sites. The shortest
germination time was observed for seeds from the Bartlett Reservoir
population.
Key words: Encelia farinosa , adaptation, desert, population biology, seed