RILEY, MICHAEL G.* AND RUTH A. STOCKEY. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada. - An aquatic broad-leaved monocot from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) St. Mary River Formation of southern Alberta.
A large number of broad-leaved monocot leaves have been identified in
the gray siltstones from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) St.
Mary River Formation from near Cardston, Alberta. Specimens are
impression/compressions of long-petiolate aquatic plants that were
probably buried in situ. Leaf blades are entire, ovate, with
a deeply cordate base and an obtuse apex, 8.5-9.5 cm long and 5.5-8 cm
wide. Petioles are at least 4 mm wide with 5-7 primary veins that
enter the leaf blade. Venation is campylodromous resulting in 21-25
weak primary veins, with three central primaries that remain
unbranched to the apex. Secondaries diverge at angles of 45-65
degrees near the midveins and 90 degrees near the leaf margin. Minor,
or tertiary veins, alternate with the secondaries. Tertiaries are
usually unbranched but occasional dichotomies and anastomoses are
present. No freely ending veinlets are visible. These leaves were
compared to extant leaves of Alismatidae and show closest similarities
to those in the genus Caldesia Parl. and fossils described from
the Upper Cretaceous and early Tertiary of Eurasia as
Haemanthophyllum kamtschaticum Budantsev and H. cordatum
Golovneva. The fine-grained sediments at the Cardston locality have
enabled a much more detailed description of the fine venation than has
been possible in leaves of this type from other localities. Our data
suggest that previous studies of these large-leaved monocots have
underestimated the number of "cross veins", i.e., the minor
or tertiary veins have usually not been observed. A reexamination of
previously described species of Haemanthophyllum is needed
since this taxon appears to contain a diverse assemblage of leaf types
of varying morphology and of different affinities. Furthermore, the
Cardston locality shows great potential for the reconstruction of
these as well as other aquatic monocots.
Key words: Alismatidae, aquatics, Caldesia, Cretaceous, Maastrichtian, monocot