AXSMITH, BRIAN J.*, THOMAS N. TAYLOR, AND EDITH L. TAYLOR. Department of Botany, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045. - A new cheirolepidiaceous conifer from the Lower Jurassic of North America.
Recent research indicates that members of the extinct conifer family
Cheirolepidiaceae were an important component of low latitude Mesozoic
floras, and possessed many derived features including an
angiosperm-like sporophytic incompatibility system based on the
tectate-columellate pollen wall morphology and partially enclosed
ovules. However, a more complete understanding of this group has been
hampered by the rarity of reconstructions including ovulate cones.
Here, we describe the first cheirolepidiaceous conifer from North
America with attached ovulate cones. The specimens come from the
Lower Jurassic Portland Formation of Connecticut and include branching
systems of up to three orders with attached ovulate cones and
associated pollen cones. Leaves are of the Geinitzia
morphotype and are the longest known in the family. Ovulate cones are
terminal on short side branches and bear helically arranged bracts
with acute apices. The cone scales are completely flattened, and each
has nine elongate lobes along the distal margin. Ovules were born in
a circular depression on the adaxial scale surface. The ovoid pollen
cones are the largest known in the family and contain
Classopollis pollen. This fossil is most similar to
Hirmeriella from the Lower Jurassic of Europe, and
Tomaxellia from the Lower Cretaceous of South America. The
large number of cone scale lobes suggests that the North American form
may be primitive within the family. A preliminary phylogenetic
analysis incorporating data from this fossil supports recent
suggestions that the Cheirolepidiaceae and Majonicaceae are closely
related.
Key words: Cheirolepidiaceae, Conifers, Jurassic