GASTALDO, ROBERT A.* AND WILLIAM A. DIMICHELE. Department of Geology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 and Department of Paleobiology, NMNH Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560. - Nightmare on Fern Street: An analysis of marattialean foliage from the Pennsylvanian and Permian of north-central Texas.
Marattialean tree fern (pecopterid) foliage is a major component of
fossil adpression floras of Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian age
in north-central Texas. Thus, identification of pecopterid species is
important in studies of vegetational responses to changing climatic
conditions. Species affinities, however, always have been difficult to
determine because most specimens are fragmentary and represent
terminal or peripheral portions of fronds where character-state
variation is low. Diversity at any single collecting site is high,
obscuring boundaries between recurrent morphotypes if floristic
analyses are carried out site-by-site. To overcome these difficulties,
specimens with similar pinnule shape, venation, lobing
characteristics, terminal pinnule morphology, and pinnule-pinna
morphometric relationships were grouped independently of collecting
locality and stratigraphic position. Once morphotype descriptions and
suites of characteristic specimens were assembled, collections were
reexamined site by site and the component pecopterids identified.
In the Late Pennsylvanian, pecopterid diversity at any site may exceed
10 morphotypes. This site-level diversity declines on-average in the
Early Permian. Fourteen morphotype groups were identified in the Late
Pennsylvanian (Virgilian). Eight additional groups were found in the
early Early Permian (Wolfcampian), along with a number of persistent
Pennsylvanian forms. A preliminary assessment of the late Early
Permian (Leonardian) indicates the first appearance of additional
morphotypes. Several of the foliage morphotypes appear to correspond
to described species: Pecopteris ameromii, P. arborescens, P.
bucklandii, P. palacea, P. polymorpha, P. puertollanensis, P. unita,
P. vera. Based on pinnule venation, others can be assigned to the
polymorphopterid or lobatopterid groups of R.H. Wagner. Final species
determinations are still to be made for most morphotypes.
Morphological variability, fragmentary preservation, and high
intrinsic diversity lead to the conclusion that the pecopterid
nightmare is likely to continue into the foreseeable future.
Key words: fern, Marattiales, Pennsylvanian, Permian, systematics