The phylogenetic and biogeographic affinities of four annual Senecio species, considered native to western North America, are examined. Senecio mohavensis, a species of the Sonoran and Mohave deserts, is a recent derivative of the East Mediterranean S. flavus subsp. breviflorus (sect. Senecio). Data from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences support previous chloroplast DNA and isozyme conclusions for the origin of S. mohavensis by long distance dispersal. Senecio flavus subsp. flavus appears to be of South African ancestry, while S. flavus subsp. breviflorus has evidently hybridized with S. vernalis or S. glaucus, acquiring the cpDNA and ITS of these Mediterranean species. Two Californian species, S. aphanactis and S. californicus, based on morphological evidence, may also belong to sect. Senecio. Senecio ertterae, known from a single canyon in eastern Oregon, is apparently derived from North American species. These hypotheses will be examined with ITS sequence data. Considering the imminent disassembly of Senecio sensu lato, it is important to determine which species belong to the clade that contains the nomenclatural type of the genus, S. vulgaris. These species may remain the only North American members of Senecio sensu stricto.

Key words: Asteraceae, biogeography, ITS, long distance dispersal, phylogeny, Senecio sect. Senecio