In bottomland hardwood forests, hurricanes create a complex array of flooding and light microsites that vary with intensity of disturbance. Microsite heterogeneity may influence growth, species composition, and spatial arrangement within the seedling and sapling layers, yet few studies have addressed the combined effects of multiple environmental factors and their spatial configuration on forest regeneration. In the old-growth bottomland hardwood forest of the Congaree Swamp National Monument, we established thirty 100 m2 plots spanning a disturbance gradient created by Hurricane Hugo. We measured relative elevation and estimated light availability based on analyses of color fisheye photographs. Measurements and photographs were taken at each woody seedling and at 25 random points within each plot. To examine spatial patterns, we established two 200 cm perpendicular transects at five of the random points in each plot and took measurements and photographs at 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 cm. Highly disturbed plots were more environmentally variable than undisturbed ones, and seedlings occupied a relatively narrow range of the variation present. Semivariograms indicated reduced spatial autocorrelation of light and microtopography along the disturbance gradient. The hurricane increased environmental heterogeneity which has influenced spatial patterns of regeneration.

Key words: disturbance, heterogeneity, hurricane, light, microtopography, spatial patterns