APSIT, VICTORIA J.*, JAMES L. HAMRICK, AND JOHN D. NASON. The University of Georgia, Athens, GA. - Genetic consequences of fragmentation in a Costa Rican dry forest tree species.
The reproductive dynamics of small, remnant populations left in the
aftermath of land development are likely to differ from those of
large, continuous populations. Comparisons of population parameters
such as genetic diversity and structure, as well as pollen flow,
between populations of adults established prior to fragmentation and
their post-fragmentation progeny make it possible to examine the
effects of disturbance on the current reproductive dynamics of
individuals established when landscapes were different. We empolyed
allozyme markers to examine these effects over two reproductive
episodes in remnant popualtions (N=3-35) of Enterolobium
cyclocarpum, a dominant tree species commonly found throughout
highly disturbed areas of Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. Moreover,
direct estimates of effective population sizes and rates of pollen
immigration allowed predictions of the effects of genetic drift and
inbreeding on the genetic composition of future generations of these
fragment populations. Comparisons of the genetic structure of adult
populations (GST = 0.058) to pollen gametes in 1994 and
1995 (GST = 0.053 and 0.115, respectively) suggest an
increased genetic differentation of pollen gametes compared to adults
in 1995. Pollen immigration (m) remains substantial at distances of 1
km and fairly equivalent gamete production in both years produced only
moderate reductions in Ne relative to census population
sizes. Direct estimates of m and Nev allowed us to predict
moderate effects of genetic drift and inbreeding on the genetic
composition of future population (Nevm = 0.55 - 1.79) and
(FST = 0.114 - 0.311) even in a worst case scenario (N=3).
The information gained from such analyses will be an important
component for the effective future management and the devlopment of
conservation strategies for tropical tree species in fragmented
landscapes.
Key words: Effective population Size, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Genetic Consequences, Genetic Structure, Pollen Flow, Tropical Dry Forest Fragmentation