• Educational Links:
  • Introductory level:
    • An explanation of sexual reproduction in plants for kids link
  • Intermediate level:
    • Overview:
      • FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION: Flower Structure
      • FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION: Fertilization and Fruits
    • Detailed sites:
      • Pollination Adaptations
      • Flower Morphology
      • Honeybee Biology
      • Fruit Growth and Ripening
      • Seeds and Fruits
      • Seeds and Seed Germination
      • Flower Structure
      • Pollen and Embryo Sac
      • PDF version of much of the above
  • Advanced level:
    • Microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in Lilium - from meiosis to pollen development
    • Megasporogenesis and microgametogenesis in Lilium - from meiosis to egg formation and fertilization
    • Three classical papers on double fertilization - historical literature from ~100 years ago
    • In vitro Befruchtung mit isolierten Gameten von Angiospermen - In vitro fertilization with isolated gametes of angiosperms (in German)
    • Central cell fertilization and endosperm development in vitro - test tube endosperm