John E. Roemer [1945–] is Elizabeth S. and A. Varick Stout Professor Political Science and Economics at Yale University. He completed the Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley (Economics) in 1974. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, and has been a Fellow of the Guggenheim Foundation and the Russell Sage Foundation. His research concerns political economy, and distributive justice.

His publications include Analytical Foundations of Marxian Economic Theory (1981), A General Theory of Exploitation and Class (1982), Value, Exploitation, and Class (1986), Analytical Marxism, editor (1986),  Free to Lose: An Introduction to Marxist Economic Philosophy (1988), Egalitarian Perspectives: Essays in Philosophical Economics (1994), A Future for Socialism (1994), Theories of Distributive Justice (1996), Equality of Opportunity (1998), Political Competition: Theory and Applications (2001), and Democracy, Education, and Equality (2006).