CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Wall Classes per Building Code:
		1. Plain Concrete Wall
			horizontal reinforcement
			top of windows
			bottom of windows
			bottom of wall

		2. Reinforced Concrete Wall
			a. bearing walls
			b. panel walls
					wind load
				empirical requirements
					other than 
				structural 	analysis

All walls should contain reinforcement
		to prevent cracks 
		due to shrinkage
		temperature changes
		uneven settlement

Construction Types
	I. Site-Cast Concrete Walls:

	II. Precast Concrete Walls:
		A. Load bearing
		B. None Load bearing
		C. Connection Details
			Pockets
			Grout 
			Fasteners

			Fasteners
				a.	anchorbolt
				b.	weld plate
				c.	steel angle
				d.	adjustable insert
				e.	treaded insert
				f.	special treaded insert
				g.	anchor strap
				h.	dovetail wood nailer
				I.	grout, lead,epoxy
				j.	plastic sleeve
				k.	wood fibber plug
				l.	lead sleeve
				m.	metal sleeve
				n.	bolt with tapered shank
				o.	concrete screw
				p.	concrete nail
				q.	hardened steel nail
				r.	powder driven fastener
				s.	mastic adhesive			

TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION:
		cast flat on floor
		lifting rings
		lifting harness
			equal forces
		temporary bracing

Self-Climbing Form:
		built-in hydraulic jacks
		working surface
		rolls back one story
		applications:
			elevator shafts
			towers

SITE CAST

unreinforced wall

reinforced wall

retaining wall

stemmwall

Expansion Joints

Work Joints

swimming pool

8" min. thickness