APA STYLE GUIDELINES
(All material in APA style is double-spaced. I've single-spaced below to save space. You should double-space on your papers).

REFERENCES Baird, J. E., Jr. (1977). Some nonverbal elements of leadership emergence. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 42, 352-361. Bales, R. F. (1970). Personality and interpersonal behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Bales, R. F., & Strodtbeck. F. L. (1951). Phases in group problem-solving. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46, 485-495. Ben-Yoav, O., Hollander, E. P., & Carnevale, P. J. D. (1983). Leader legitimacy, leader- follower interaction, and followers' ratings of the leader. The Journal of Social Psychology, 121, 111-115. Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1964). The managerial grid. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing. Cartwright, D., & Zander A. (Eds.). (1980). Group dynamics: Research and theory. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson & Co. Cattell, R. B. (1955). Concepts and methods in the measurement of group syntality. In A. P. Hare, E. F. Borgatta, & R. F. Bales (Eds.), Small groups: Studies in social interaction (pp. 107-126). New York: Knopf. Dahl, H. A. (1985). Perceptions of power orientations and communicator characteristics. Unpublished doctoral disseration, University of Denver. Drecksel, G. L. (1985, May). Interaction characteristics of emergent leadership. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, Honolulu, HI. Dubin, R. (1962). Business behavior behaviorally viewed. In G. B. Strother (Ed.), Social science approaches to business behavior (pp. 11-15). Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press. Goldberg, A. A., & Hannegan Jr., D. W. (1988). The use of talk and leadership emergence: A relationship? Unpublished manuscript, University of Denver, Denver. Katz, D., Macoby, N., & Morse, N. C. (1950). Productivity, supervision, and morale in an office situation. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center.

EXAMPLES OF CITATIONS WITHIN TEXT ONE AUTHOR, NO QUOTE: (CITATION IN RUNNING TEXT) Baird (1977) discovered a relationship between gesticulation and facial agreement. (CITATION IN PARENTHESES) Previous research has discovered a relationship between gesticulation and facial agreement (Baird, 1977). TWO AUTHORS, NO QUOTE: (When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in text). (CITATION IN RUNNING TEXT) Bales and Strodtbeck (1951) found that cohesive groups tend to arrive at faster decisions. (CITATION IN PARENTHESES) note the ampersand (&) Previous research has discovered that cohesive groups tend to arrive at faster decisions (Bales & Strodtbeck, 1951). MORE THAN TWO AUTHORS, BUT FEWER THAN SIX AUTHORS: (Cite all authors the first time the reference orrurs; in subsequent citiations include only the surname of the first author followed by "et al." and the year. All the surnames would be included in the reference list). (FIRST CITATION) Anderson, Parker, Jones, and Torrington (1983) had group members reach consensus on the rank ordering of solutions to a set of urban problems described in an imaginary city. (SUBSEQUENT CITATIONS) Anderson et al. (1983) had group members reach consensus on the rank ordering of solutions to a set of urban problems described in an imaginary city. SHORT QUOTE: (Fewer than 40 words) In one review of leadership research it has been pointed out that "there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept" (Stogdill, 1974, p. 7). LONG QUOTE: (40 or more words) Smith (1982) found the following: The "placebo effect," which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. Furthermore, the behaviors were never exhibited again, even when real drugs were administered. Earlier studies were clearly premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect. (p. 276)

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