Course grades
Grades are listed by the last four digits of you ID number (I hope
there are not any duplicates - if there are contact me). The course
grade column is the total course grade and includes the lab. FYI
only two people were able to use the final to improve their grade by a
full letter grade (both went from a B to an A).
Dr. Richard Broughton
Contact me: rbroughton@ou.edu,
or 325-5357
About me: web
page
Couse syllabus
Links below are for documents or graphics use in lecture that are not
in the text or otherwise available.
A few of the images for exam I material have been removed from the
server due to space constraints.
Material for exam I
Types of similarity - morphological similarity in function or appearance may be due to common ancestry (homology) or not (homoplasy).
Stickleback graphic - this illustrates evolutionary change within a species lineage.
Horse graphic - this shows a number of transitional forms within a family (Equidae) and specific examples of the evolution of hoof, tooth, and skull (size) between ancestral forms (about the size of a cat) and modern horses.
Archaeopteryx graphic - this is an example of a good transitional form between classes of vertebrates and illustrates the close relationship between dinosaurs and birds.
Phyletic groups - this shows monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic groups and types of characters that define them. Note that paraphyly and polyphyly arise when the classification (named groups) conflict with the phylogeny. They do not occur in nature, they are artificial phenomena due to problems with the classification. Also note that in this example the paraphyletic group is defined by a symplesiomorphy (shared ancestral character) but the two decendant taxa (not included in the paraphyletic group) are defined by a reversal which is technically homoplasy. The typical situation is that the taxa not included in the paraphyletic group have a different character state which is new (= synapomorphy) but their different state could occasionally be the result of reversal, convergence, etc. (= homoplasy).
Vertebrate phylogeny - phylogenetic tree with names of groups at nodes.
Phylogeny with names of ancestors at nodes.
Phylogenetic taxonomy of vertebrates - taxonomy in the form of a list.
Evolutionary history of dinosaurs.
Timetable - timing of events in vertebrate evolution depicted in the span of one year.
Character table - data set used in class to build a phylogenetic tree. For another example see the sample exam.
Sample exam I - copy of an old exam.
Material for exam II
Homeotic mutants - early examples of homeotic mutants, where segment identity was altered
Evolution of Hox genes - showing how Hox genes are ordered on chromosomes and that they are found among nearly all animal groups. Note that the group has been duplicated several times in vertebrates.
Hox genes and identity of vertebra - illustrates how the anterior limit of Hox gene expression contributes to the mature identity of individual vertebra.
Fish scales - various types of dermal scales that occur in fishes
Haversian system - diagram of haversian system, or osteon.
Diarthrosis - diagram of diarthrosis, or synovial joint.
Hox genes and limb development - this shows that Hox genes also contribute to limb development. Note, posterior Hox genes (9 - 13) are involved in pectoral limb development in addition to pelvic limbs.
Sample exam II - copy of an old exam.
Hox gene/development illustrations are from Carroll, Grenier, and Weatherbee,
2001, From DNA to Diversity, Blackwell Science, Malden, MA.
Reproductive system - diagram of developmental homology of reproductive organs
