Unit Overview
In this unit, you will be studying DNA structure and function. Topics will include:
- DNA structure
- DNA
- RNA and protein relationships
- Recombination DNA and genetic engineering
Topics and Themes You Will Explore
- Proteins
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Recombinant DNA
- Microevolution
- Macroevolution
- Speciation
Unit Objectives
After completing this unit, students will be able to demonstrate:
- An understanding of mutation as a permanent alteration in a gene’s base sequence;
- An understanding of the controls elements of genes;
- An understanding of genetic engineering;
- An understanding of how and why mutations may result; and
- An understanding of how daughter species evolve from parent species.
Reading Assignments
Please read the following chapters in the Starr text
- Chapter Nine – From DNA to Protein
- Chapter Ten – Controls over Genes
- Chapter Fifteen – Biotechnology
- Chapter Sixteen – Evidence of Evolution
- Chapter Seventeen – Processes of Evolution
Guiding Questions to consider as you read and explore the Internet
What are two enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology and what are their functions?
Think about the genetic engineering of plants and animals. What are some of the pros of genetic engineering? What are some of the cons? In your opinion, do the pros outweigh the cons? Why or why not?
In the UK and Mexico, genetic engineering is not allowed, and any products that contain GMO’s must be labeled. Why do you think the United States has not passed similar laws?
If genetically engineered crops can contaminate other crops (organic crops) through accidental pollination (from wind, bees, butterflies, etc.), how can we assure that the food that we buy is organic? For more information, visit Contamination through Cross-Pollination
Enrichment
Blueprint of Life
This site provides several links for the Blueprint of Life.
Create a DNA Fingerprint
DNA. It’s what makes you unique. It’s the stuff that tells each and every one of your body’s 10 trillion cells what it’s supposed to be and what it’s supposed to do.
AIDS research and DNA
It started with the simple observation that certain individuals seemed to have a degree of resistance to HIV-1 virus. For instance, about 15 % of the hemophiliacs who received blood transfusions never contracted the virus, and about 1 percent of the individuals that test HIV-1 positive, remain healthy and free of the AIDS virus.
Graphics Gallery: DNA,RNA, etc.
Graphics Gallery is a series of labeled diagrams with explanations representing the important processes of biotechnology. Each diagram is followed by a summary of information, providing a context for the process illustrated.
DNA and African Elephants
Genetic fingerprinting shows that Africa’s forest and savanna elephants are as different from one another as lions and tigers and should be considered as two genetically distinct species, an international group of researchers reports.
Documentary Redraws Human Family Tree
By analyzing DNA from people in all regions of the world, geneticist Spencer Wells has concluded that all humans alive today are descended from a single man who lived in Africa around 60,000 years ago.
What’s Wrong with Genetically Engineered Foods?
Even some of those who are not opposed to the principle of genetic engineering are concerned that the science and economics of releasing GE products into the market is outpacing the safety issues of how these new species will effect health and the environment.
Health Hazards of GMOs
In North America, all soy that is labeled "organic soy" is guaranteed to not be genetically-manipulated and not be treated with herbicides. Look for soy products and ingredients (e.g., tofu, tempeh, miso, soy sauce, soy milk, etc.) which are organic. All other soy ingredients are almost always genetically-manipulated and herbicide-treated.
