Psychology 4753      

Welcome Back

                                 

Industrial Psychology Syllabus

 

Pritchett's 13 Points

Introduction Slides

Motivation Slides

Review of Statistics slides

Job-analysis, criteria, reliability & validity slides

Selection Paradigm slides

Productivity slides

Teams slides

Leadership Slides

Over heads- Teams

DEMING & Quality

Quality Principles-Swartz

Study Sheet for Test 1

Study Sheet for Test 2 

Study Sheet for Test 3

Sample questions for test 2

Test 1

In preparing for the test keep in mind the overall picture, we talked about the past, the present, and the future of organizations. We then talked about the effects of culture, values, ethics, learning, etc. on the organization. The next topic focused on individual differences (personality, attitudes, perception, attributions, etc.). Continuing to focus on the individual, we talked about motivation and the importance of motivation for organizational success. (Make sure that you know and understand the different motivational approaches that we have discussed.) Indirectly, we have also discussed some issues important to groups, and how groups affect organizational behavior. So in preparing for the test concentrate on Chapters 1-5 & 7 in the Basic Org Beh book. Also, make sure to read the first part of Chapter 12 in this book. The test will have some multiple choice items and 3-5 short essays. Good luck and prepare early rather than late. Keep in mind the issues below as you study for the test.

I. General Issues

I. Personality— Big Five Factors (Surgency, Emotional Stability, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Intellectance)

  1. History of personality measures in employment settings--Poor

  2. Know some of the personality measures (e.g., locus of control, self-monitor, etc.)

II. Motivation

Content Theories:

Process Theories:

Learn the theories as well as the differences and similarities among them.

Other Important Concepts:

Example Test 1-- I have included a number of multiple choice and essay questions from previous test to give an idea what to expect on the first test. In general my tests have 5 true-false items, 50 multiple-choice items, and 3-4 essays.

Read each question carefully before you answer. Work at a steady pace, and you will have ample time to finish. Make sure that your name is on your paper before you turn it in.
1. The study of individuals and groups in organizations is known as:
a. total quality management.
b. human resource maintenance.
c. the manager's challenge.
d. the contingency approach.
e. organizational behavior.

2. "Students: Remember that education is the only ticket to success and it doesn't stop with the last certificate you pick up. Education is the `big game' in the globally independent economy,"
is a quote from:
a. Henry Mintzberg.
b. Robert Katz.
c. Frank Callaghan.
d. Tom Peters.
e. John Kotter.

3. The primary purpose of an organization is to:
a. produce a good or service.
b. achieve synergy.
c. facilitate human resource maintenance.
d. develop careers.
e. do good.

4. Each of the following is a resource input except:
a. information.
b. feedback.
c. facilities.
d. raw materials.
e. money.

5. Inspiring commitment is part of:
a. planning.
b. organizing.
c. analyzing.
d. controlling.
e. leading.

6. Who wrote The Nature of Managerial Work?
a. Henry Mintzberg
b. Robert Katz
c. Frank Callaghan
d. Tom Peters
e. John Kotter

7. Managers of today are facing each of the following trends except:
a. the global economy.
b. human rights in the workplace.
c. organizational transitions.
d. a universal code of ethics.
e. developments in informational technologies.

8. The degree to which a person strongly identifies with and feels a part of the organization is referred to as:
a. job satisfaction.
b. organizational commitment.
c. job involvement.
d. TQM.
e. QWL.

9. Job involvement refers to:
a. the willingness of a person to apply effort beyond normal job expectations.
b. the degree to which a person strongly identifies with and feels a part of the organization.
c. the emotional response to one's tasks, as well as physical and social conditions of the workplace.
d. the obligation of organizations to behave in ethical and moral ways.
e. an indicator of the overall quality of the human experience in the workplace.

10. The learned and shared ways of thinking and doing things found among members of a society is known as:
a. parochialism.
b. culture shock.
c. culture.
d. ethnocentrism.
e. domestic multiculturalism.

11. The ways a society eats, dresses, etc. are parts of its:
a. parochialism.
b. culture shock.
c. culture.
d. ethnocentrism.
e. domestic multiculturalism.

12. A multinational corporation is:
a. the study of individuals and groups in organizations operating in an international arena.
b. management that involves the conduct of business activities in more than one country.
c. a business firm that has extensive international operations in more than one foreign country.
d. cultural diversity within a given national population.
e. a nonprofit organization operating around the globe.

13. Cultural values and norms:
a. influence personality but not behavior.
b. influence behavior but not personality.
c. influence personality and behavior.
d. have no influence on personality or behavior.
e. operate more strongly in the United States than elsewhere.

14. According to Argyris and Levinson, an individual's personality
tends to ____ across time.
a. develop in predictable ways
b. be stable
c. become less important
d. revert back to early childhood
e. assume increasing importance

15. Intuitive-type individuals:
a. prefer routine and order.
b. prefer the big picture.
c. are oriented toward conformity.
d. use reason and intellect.
e. prefer stability and routine.

16. Sam believes that much of what happens to him is determined by outside forces. This illustrates: a. an internal locus of control.
b. an internal developmental theory.
c. an external locus of control.
d. external dogmatism.
e. internal dogmatism.

17. The ability to adjust behavior to external, situational factors is known as:
a. instrumental values.
b. Machiavellianism.
c. locus of control
d. self monitoring
e. authoritarianism/dogmatism.

18. The statement, "Telling the truth and doing what you feel is right," is an example of a(n):
a. value.
b. attitude.
c. opinion.
d. stereotype.
e. competency.

19. The predisposition to respond in a positive or negative way to someone or something in the environment is known as:
a. instrumental values.
b. terminal values.
c. attitudes.
d. cognitive dissonance.
e. value congruence.

20. The tendency to underestimate the influence of situation factors and overestimate the influence of personal factors in evaluating someone else's behavior is known as a(n):
a. halo effect.
b. fundamental attribution error.
c. self-serving bias.
d. stereotype.
e. attribution.

21. The hierarchy of needs theory was developed by:
a. Maslow.
b. Alderfer.
c. McClelland.
d. Adams.
e. Vroom.

22. Alderfer assumes:
a. a frustration-regression principle.
b. that lower-level needs must be satisfied before higher-level
needs become activated.
c. that, like Maslow, there are five levels of needs.
d. that needs are not arranged in levels.
e. a rigid need hierarchy.

23. The Thematic Apperception Test is the foundation for which theorist?
a. McGregor
b. McClelland
c. McGaven
d. Vroom
e. Adams

24. The three acquired needs in McClelland's theory are:
a. safety, self-actualization, content.
b. achievement, affiliation, self-actualization.
c. achievement, affiliation, power.
d. achievement, safety, power.
e. achievement, affiliation, security.

25. According to Herzberg, a high base salary would be considered a:
a. motivator factor.
b. hygiene factor.
c. job content factor.
d. positive equity.
e. satisfier.

26. A worker with felt negative inequity is likely to _____ work inputs or _____ in order to restore a sense of equity.
a. change; leave the situation
b. increase; ask for a raise
c. decrease; ask for a pay reduction
d. increase; work more hours
e. increase; come to work early

27. If you don't study for an exam because you don't think it will help your exam grade, that illustrates:
a. valence.
b. instrumentality.
c. expectancy.
d. effort.
e. the valence to performance multiplier.

28. The key terms in expectancy theory are:
a. expectancy, instrumentality, valence.
b. instrumentality, equity, tension.
c. deprivation, instrumentality, expectancy.
d. valence, desirability, instrumentality.
e. tension, valence, expectancy.

29. Equity theory and expectancy theory:
a. are both content theories.
b. are both extensions of Maslow.
c. each involve need satisfaction.
d. are implemented similarly.
e. are both process theories.

30. In operant conditioning, learning occurs through:
a. conditioned stimuli.
b. consequences of behavior.
c. perceived relationships between events and individual goals and expectations.
d. reciprocal interactions among people. behavior and environment.
e. conditioned responses.

31. A person's belief that she or he can perform adequately in a given situation is known as:
a. self-esteem.
b. self-efficacy.
c. self-control.
d. modeling.
e. shaping.

32. The "law of effect," which became a foundation for reinforcement theory, was developed by:
a. B. F. Skinner.
b. Abraham Maslow.
c. Sigmund Freud.
d. E. L. Thorndike.
e. Victor Vroom.

33. A worker being reprimanded for absenteeism is an example of ?
a. extinction
b. negative reinforcement
c. punishment
d. shaping
e. avoidance

34. Skill-based pay:
a. rewards people for acquiring and developing job relevant skills.
b. pays more money to more skillful workers.
c. rewards groups for low error rates.
d. gives workers the opportunity to share in productivity gains.
e. makes pay contingent on performance.

35. The comment, "I take pride in producing a quality product" illustrates:
a. extrinsic rewards.
b. negative reinforcement.
c. external rewards.
d. intrinsic rewards.
e. both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards.

36. Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory encourages job:
a. enrichment.
b. rotation.
c. de-skilling.
d. enlargement.
e. specialization.

37. Intrinsic work rewards are more likely under job _____ than job _____.
a. rotation; enrichment
b. specialization; rotation
c. enrichment; enlargement
d. enlargement; enrichment
e. specialization; simplification

38. Three critical psychological states in Hackman's job characteristics model are:
a. experienced work meaningfulness, experienced responsibility for work outcomes, knowledge of work results.
b. experienced work meaningfulness, experienced responsibility for work outcomes, experienced work challenge.
c. challenge, feedback, significance.
d. challenge, autonomy, significance.
e. challenge, meaningfulness, autonomy.

39. In goal setting theory:
a. difficult goals lead to lower performance than easy ones.
b. specific goals lead to lower performance than general ones.
c. difficult goals lead to higher performance than easy ones.
d. task feedback is irrelevant.
e. goal acceptance is irrelevant.

40. Frederick Taylor pioneered early attempts at job design. To increase productivity he recommended:
a. increased employee involvement
b. work simplification and standardization
c. focusing on employee needs
d. Total Quality Management
e. higher levels of job satisfaction

Answer to multiple choice questions: 1 e, 2 d, 3 a, 4 b, 5 e, 6 a, 7 d, 8 b, 9 a, 10 c, 11 c, 12 c, 13 c, 14 a, 15 b, 16 c, 17 d, 18 a, 19 c, 20 b, 21 a, 22 a, 23 b, 24 c, 25 b, 26 a 27 b, 28 a, 29 e, 30 b, 31 b, 32 d, 33 c, 34 a, 35 d, 36 a, 37 c, 38 a, 39 c, 40 b.

Essay Questions:

1. Maslow, Herzberg and Hackman view motivation in different but consistent ways. How are their motivation ideas (theories) consistent and important for job enrichment?

2. Reinforcement theory argues that motivation for high performance exists to the extent that
high performance in rewarded. How does expectancy theory qualify this argument?

3. Having read and thought about motivation for sometime now, how would you motivate employees at work if you had quite a bit of latitude in doing so?

4. What are some of the disadvantages of solely relying on reinforcement (and Expectancy Theory) to get high performance in the workplace? Explain.