F-1 vs. J-1

 

NEW! The SEVIS Fee will increase from $100 to $200 for F-1 students. It will increase from $100 to $180 for J-1 Exchange Students and Scholars. The date of increase is October 27, 2008. We recommend that anyone who needs to pay a SEVIS Fee, pay it before October 27, 2008. More information about the fee, also called the I-901 fee, can be found here.


There are two types of visas issued to non-immigrant students who intend to study full-time at the University of Oklahoma (OU) -- the F-1 student visa and the J-1 Exchange Visitor visa. Dependent accompanying spouses and/or children are given F-2 or J-2 visas.

Source of Funding - J-1 Exchange Visitor status is available to students who are substantially supported by funding other than personal or family funds. Such funding may include that which comes from the US government or the student's home government, an international organization, or OU. Students who are supported by personal or family funds are ineligible for J-1 status, and must apply for an F-1 visa to study in the US in F-1 status.


Foreign Residence Requirement - Students in J-1 immigration status and their J-2 dependents may be subject to the two-year home country physical presence requirement. This applies to those who have received funding from the US or from their home country, or those who are on the "Country Skills List." If you are subject to the two-year home country physical presence requirement (as indicated on Form DS2019 and your J-1 visa), upon completion of your studies in the US, you must reside in your country of last legal permanent residence for two years before you are eligible to apply for entry into the US on a non-student visa, including specialized work visas (H or L) or immigrant visas ("green card" or "permanent residency.").


J-1 students who receive direct or indirect US or home government funding, or who are studying in fields for which personnel are considered in short supply in their home countries (most developing nations have "Country Skills" lists of varying lengths), are ineligible to apply for a change to another nonimmigrant status (except A or G) or permanent residency in the US until they have satisfied the two-year home country physical presence requirement.

There is no foreign residence requirement for F-1 student status. Click here for additional information on the Exchange Visitor Program.

Medical Insurance - Students in J-1 status and their J-2 dependents are required to maintain comprehensive medical coverage to fulfill US government regulations governing the J Exchange Visitor status. Currently, the medical insurance offered by OU covers all federal requirements. If you purchase insurance other than the insurance offered through the university for your dependents or yourself, it may cost as much as $3,000 per year in excess of the estimated living expenses to maintain healthcare coverage.


Employment Authorization - Degree-seeking students in either F-1 or J-1 status may work part-time (up to 20 hours per week) on campus without express work authorization, as long as they are maintaining status. Exchange students in J-1 status are not eligible for employment authorization either on or off-campus during their exchange program participation. For further information about this policy, consult with your Education Abroad advisor. For both statuses, permission to work off-campus based on severe economic hardship may be requested from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) only after the first full academic year of student status, and only under extraordinary circumstances. The USCIS, and the University of Oklahoma International Student Services (OU ISS) office in the case of Curricular Practical Training (CPT), authorizes F-1 students to work off-campus. J-1 degree-seeking students must submit an application for employment authorization to their visa sponsor (the agency or school that issued the DS2019 form).


Practical or Academic Training - Students in F-1 and J-1 status may be eligible to engage in differing lengths of practical training or academic training both during their studies and at the completion of their academic programs.

Practical Training, a benefit of F-1 status, is authorization for an off-campus internship in the field of study. F-1 students may be eligible for CPT, authorized by the OU ISS office during their programs, in addition to a year - or more, in some cases - of Optional Practical Training (OPT) that may take place during or after the program of study. Permission to engage in practical training may be granted only after you have been in valid student status for one academic year. The OU ISS office recommends you for OPT based on your completed application, and the USCIS approves it. Click here to refer to the Practical Training Overview for complete information on both CPT and OPT.


Academic Training, a benefit of J-1 status, is granted for employment experience which is integral to your field of study. You may be eligible to apply for permission to engage in academic training after one academic term in valid student status. The period of time allowed for academic training cannot exceed the length of the program of study. In most cases, there is a maximum of 18 months permitted, with the exception of some postdoctoral research and teaching positions that may qualify for up to 36 months of academic training. An application for academic training is made to the J-1 student's Exchange Visitor program sponsor. Click here to refer to Academic Training Authorization for Those in J-1 Exchange Visitor Immigration Status for complete information.

Dependent Employment - Under no circumstances do US immigration regulations allow the spouse or child (F-2) of an F-1 student to apply for work permission while in the US. The spouse (J-2) of a J-1 Exchange Visitor, however, may apply to USCIS for employment authorization, if s/he can demonstrate a need for supplemental support for him or herself or for the children. The spouse cannot obtain employment authorization in order to support the J-1 student. Form I-765, required to apply for J-2 work permission, may be filed electronically. The form may also be obtained from the OU ISS office.



The F-1 Visa


Degree-seeking undergraduate and graduate students will be sent Form I-20 for the F-1 visa application only after the OU Office of Admissions has accepted them into the university and received certified financial documentation proving they are capable of paying tuition, fees, and living cost for the first year of attendance.

Once a prospective student has met the above requirements and received the I-20, s/he must apply for an F-1 visa at the nearest US consulate of their home country. Students should check with their local US consulate for a complete explanation of the required visa application process. Normally, there is a visa application, a visa application fee, Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) fee, and any special materials required for visa application. These vary depending on the consulate.

F-1 Visa Expiration Versus Length of Studies


Students are sometimes confused about the expiration date on the visa stamp in their passport and the expiration date indicated on their Form I-20. Some students receive F-1 visas that expire in 5 years and others in 6 months. The length of your visa varies from country to country and is governed by reciprocity agreements between the US government and your home country. If your visa stamp expires while you are in the US, you need not return to your home country to renew your visa, as long as you have maintained status (see Responsibilities of F-1 Student - Maintaining Status section). However, if you depart the US with an expired F or J visa stamp, you must renew your visa abroad before you will be allowed re-entry into the US.

Maintaining F-1 Status


International students who arrive in the US on an F-1 student visa are responsible for maintaining their status. Penalties for failing to maintain status range from a reinstatement application and fee to a threatened ability to remain in the US and/or future travel in and out of the US. Although maintaining your visa status is your responsibility, the OU ISS staff is here to assist you with all immigration questions related to your US immigration status and student career at OU.

Caution: Each visa situation is different, and USCIS laws and regulations constantly change. If you have a question regarding your immigration status, seek assistance from an OU International Student Advisor. Reliance on friends or other international students to interpret your personal immigration situation is ill-advised.

Guidelines for Maintaining F-1 Status


* Keep the Following Documents in a Safe Place:

1. Form I-20 - Keep your I-20 current and know your I-20 expiration date. Go to the OU ISS office if you have changed majors or must extend your stay in the US to complete your program.
2. Passport with Student Visa
3. I-94 card (white card received and stamped by US Customs Officer at the port-of-entry)
4. Employment Authorization Document (if applicable)

* Remain a Full-Time Student

Undergraduate students must maintain a minimum full-time 12-hour course load per fall and spring semester. Graduate students must maintain a minimum full-time 9-hour course per semester; international graduate students with an assistantship appointment must maintain a minimum 6-hour course load. Students may take less than a full course load during their final semester to complete their course of study, or by express permission from the OU ISS office. See "Enrolling Below Full-time."


* On-Campus Employment

F-1 students may work on-campus up to 20 hours per week during the fall and spring semesters. Students without practical training authorization CANNOT work off-campus (see Employment Eligibility Options). The OU ISS office must approve and document all internships on page three of Form I-20 for all F-1 students.

Important: Once you have completed your program of study or OPT period, you are required by US immigration regulations to return to your home country or change your visa status. This is true even if the completion date found on your Form I-20 has not yet expired. If you have secured another visa, you may be allowed to stay in the US.

Students can look for an on-campus job at https://jobs.ou.edu/.

F-1 and J-1 students may work up to full-time (40 hours per week) during spring, summer, and winter breaks. F-1 and J-1 students may not work off-campus unless they are participating in an internship, practical training, or academic training program that is authorized in advance by the OU ISS office.

If you are from a country that maintains a tax treaty with the US, you must go to the OU Payroll Office to complete IRS Form 8233, which allows tax treaty provisions to go into effect before the student receives payment for on-campus employment.


* Off-Campus Work

See "Employment Authorization Options" section.

The J-1 Visa



J-1 Visa Application


Degree-seeking J-1 students will receive their Form DS2019 from the OU ISS office after they have been fully admitted to OU.  Non-degree-seeking, short-term exchange students will receive a Form DS2019 after their application has been received and approved by the Office of Education Abroad. 

After a student is accepted to attend OU as a degree-seeking student or an exchange student and has received the DS2019, they must apply for a J-1 visa at the nearest US consulate in their home country. Check with the local US consulate to see if any special documents are required for their visa application. Normally, there is a visa application fee and a SEVIS fee. Additional requirements vary by consulate. All students must make arrangements to pay the SEVIS fee; please click here for more information.

Maintaining J-1 Status


International students who arrive in the US on a J-1 student visa are responsible for maintaining their status with the USCIS. Penalties for falling out of status are severe. Maintaining your visa status is your responsibility, and the OU ISS staff will assist you with all immigration questions related to your student career at OU.

Caution: Each visa situation is different and regulations are constantly changing. If you have a question regarding your immigration status, seek assistance from the OU ISS office. Do not rely on friends or other international students to interpret your personal immigration situation.

Guidelines for Maintaining J-1 Status


Keep the following documents in a safe place:

1. DS2019 - Keep your DS2019 current and know your DS2019 expiration date. Contact your program or Education Abroad advisor if you wish to change the length of your exchange program.
2. Passport with J-1 student visa
3. I-94 card (white card received and stamped by US Customs Officer at the port of entry)

Maintain Your Full-Time Student Status

Degree-seeking undergraduate students must maintain a minimum full-time 12-hour courseload per fall and spring semester. Degree-seeking graduate students must maintain a minimum full-time 9-hour courseload per semester; those with with a 0.5 (0 hours per week) assistantship appointment must maintain a minimum 6-hour courseload. J-1 exchange students may take less than a full course load only with the advance permission from the office of Education Abroad.  J-1 degree-seeking students may take a reduced courseload only by express permission from th OU ISS office. See "Enrolling Below Full-time."

Important: Once you have completed your program of study or Academic Training period, you are required by US immigration regulations to return to your home country, change your visa status, or begin a new degree program. This is true even if the completion date on your DS2019 has not yet expired. If you have secured another visa, you may be allowed to stay in the US.


Academic Training

J-1 degree-seeking students may be eligible to participate in an academic training program (paid or unpaid) related to their field of study. OU ISS must process this authorization prior to the start of practical training. J-1 exchange students are not eligible for employment authorization, either on-campus or off-campus, and cannot extend their OU DS2019 for the purpose of pursuing an internship in the US upon completion of the exchange program. Consult your Education Abroad advisor in the office of Education Abroad if you have questions.

Eligibility and regulations differ from degree-seeking J-1 students and non-degree-seeking J-1 exchange students; refer all your questions to the OU ISS office. The OU ISS office must authorize and document all practical training for all J-1 visa students.