Pathos

Aristotle defines three integral pieces in Rhetoric: ethos, pathos, and logos. Of particular interest to us in the definition and analyzation of the Age of Ritalin is pathos. Pathos may be defined as the author’s ability to invoke emotion in or evoke emotion from his/her audience. Perhaps the genre of prose in which pathos makes itself the most blatantly evident is that of the dramatic. Dramatic authors, think Shakespeare, Dickens, Shelley, and Woolf, seem to have an uncanny ability to accomplish this feat, to know their audiences and allow their prose to participate with these audiences. How to accomplish this? Kenneth Burke suggests, in his book Counter-Statement, that the instillment and fulfillment of desire is integral in participating with one’s audience. These dramatists all accomplish this through various tactics. However, dramatic prose is not the only containing this ability, it is merely the most evident in this genre.

All good rhetors must learn to incorporate pathos in their work. An author must learn to know his/her audience, to predict their reactions to techniques he/she employs in the creation of good text. The rhetor must truly empathize with the audience, for this creates good rhetoric. And when an author’s audience, his/her pathos changes, the rhetoric must also change.