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Khosrow Bozorgi

Dr. Khosrow Bozorgi

Professor
Director of the Center for Middle Eastern Architecture and Culture

Dr. Khosrow Bozorgi is Endowed Professor of Architecture and Urban Design and Presidential Professor at the University of Oklahoma’s Christopher C. Gibbs College of Architecture. At the College, he founded the Ph.D. Program in Planning, Design, and Construction—the first doctoral program of its kind at the university—as well as the Center for Middle Eastern Architecture and Culture, an interdisciplinary research unit devoted to the comparative study of built form across civilizational boundaries. Dr. Bozorgi earned his Bachelor and Master of Architecture from the National University of Iran in 1975, and went on to receive both a Master’s degree and a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, where his doctoral work explored the intersections of design theory and architectural history.

Dr. Bozorgi’s research is concerned with the morphology of architectural and urban forms across the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe. He is especially attentive to the ways in which inherited spatial practices can simultaneously sustain and unsettle the prevailing paradigms of contemporary urban development. Over the course of extensive fieldwork spanning five distinct cultural domains—Roman-period settlements in Tunisia, medieval urban fabric in Morocco, Safavid-era civic and commercial complexes in Iran, Hanseatic mercantile architecture in northern Germany, and ancestral Puebloan building traditions in the American Southwest—Dr. Bozorgi has identified a remarkably persistent pattern: across these geographically remote and historically independent civilizations, the built environment is consistently organized through a tripartite spatial sequence, moving from an outward-facing public realm through a semi-private transitional zone to a protected interior domain. He terms this phenomenon convergent architectural evolution, arguing that independent societies, without mutual contact or shared precedent, arrive at analogous spatial solutions to enduring human needs—among them the mediation of climate, the regulation of social encounter, and the graduated calibration of privacy.

Dr. Bozorgi’s scholarly perspective is deeply informed by more than four decades of professional practice as a designer with internationally recognized architectural firms across the United States, Europe, and the Middle East, where he has contributed to significant built works on three continents. This sustained engagement with the realities of design and construction at an international scale lends his theoretical work a groundedness that distinguishes it within the field. A recipient of the Graham Foundation grant, Dr. Bozorgi is the author of three major volumes: the forthcoming The Grammar of Space: Architectural Patterns Across Time and Culture (Birkhäuser, 2027), which lays out the theoretical architecture for convergent spatial organization; Medieval Courtyard Design: Converging Urban Morphologies from Europe to the Middle East (Routledge, 2025), which reconceives the courtyard’s bounded void as architecture’s primary generative principle; and The Philadelphia House: Organic Architecture and Placemaking in Chestnut Hill (Rowman & Littlefield, 2023), which examines how formal design and vernacular American building traditions can be integrated in the pursuit of place-specific authenticity. Across these works, Dr. Bozorgi’s methodology—grounded in original measured drawings, comprehensive site documentation, and longitudinal comparative analysis—demonstrates that rigorous cross-cultural inquiry can reveal universal principles of spatial organization at work beneath the particularities of cultural expression.


  • University of Pennsylvania
    PhD, Architecture
  • University of Pennsylvania
    MS, Architecture
  • National University of Iran
    Master of Architecture
  • National University of Iran
    Bachelor of Architecture

  • Association for the Study of Middle East and Africa
  • Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture
  • Iranian Society of Architects and Planners

  • Bozorgi, Khosrow. 2027. The Grammar of Space: Architectural Patterns Across Time and Culture. ISBN printed edition 978-3-0356-3136-4, ISBN E-Book 978-3-0356-3137-1. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag GmbH.
  • Bozorgi, Khosrow. 2025. Medieval Courtyard Design: Converging Urban Morphologies from Europe to the Middle East. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-041-09033-5 (hbk). ISBN 978-1-041-09035-9 (pbk). ISBN 978-1-003-64811-6 (ebk). DOI: 10.4324/9781003648116.
  • Bozorgi, Khosrow, and Keith Gaddi. 2023. The Philadelphia House: Organic Architecture and Placemaking in Chestnut Hill. Lanham: Roman & Littlefield. LCCN 2023009553. ISBN 9781538172568 (cloth). ISBN 9781538172582 (epub).
  • Bozorgi, Khosrow, and Zack Lischer-Katz. 2020. “Using 3D/VR for Research and Cultural Heritage Preservation: Project Update on the Virtual Ganjali Khan Project.” Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture 49, no. 2: 45–57. DOI: 10.1515/pdtc-2020-0017.
  • Bozorgi, Khosrow. 2020. Preservation and Digital Technology: Walkthrough Ganjali Khan. February 2020. Video.
  • Bozorgi, Khosrow. 2018. “Desert Utopia: The Hidden Unity of Iranian Architecture Conceptualization behind the Making of a Documentary Film.” American International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 4, no. 2: 15–30.
  • Bozorgi, Khosrow, and Todd Drab. 2003. “Reevaluating Middle Eastern Contribution to Built Environment in Europe.” Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education.

  • Dr. Bozorgi's sustained inquiry into the organizational consonances found across these five traditions is crystallizing in The Grammar of Space: Architectural Patterns Across Time and Culture, a work that moves beyond individual case studies to construct a unified theoretical account of why independent civilizations, separated by centuries and continents, consistently organized habitation through congruent spatial logics. Employing what he calls comparative morphological analysis, the book examines how each society devised a threshold condition negotiating between collective and domestic life, an intermediate realm accommodating both productive labor and familial routine, and a secluded interior calibrating retreat against communal oversight. Rather than attributing these parallels to cultural transmission or environmental determinism, the study advances the concept of spatial optimization under pressure—the argument that when concentrated settlement places competing demands on shelter, social regulation, and climatic response, human design intelligence converges upon structurally kindred arrangements. The volume offers architectural scholarship a rigorous interpretive framework for reading spatial order as an evolutionary outcome of habitation itself—one rooted in the persistent logic of human settlement across all its cultural particulars.

  • The Grammar of Space: Architectural Patterns Across Time and Culture, Program for Research Enhancement (PRE), Gibbs College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, $3,250 (2025)
  • Subvention support for The Philadelphia House, Office of Vice President for Research, University of Oklahoma, $3,000 (2023)
  • Endowed Professorship matching fund, Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, $250,000 (2022)
  • Architectural Analysis in Virtual Reality: 3D Modeling the Ganjali Khan Complex, Program for Research Enhancement (PRE), Gibbs College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, $5,000 (2019)
  • Philadelphia Country House: A Unique Architectural Concept in Placemaking, Program for Research Enhancement (PRE), Gibbs College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, $5,000
  • Isfahan Archetypal City International Symposium, community-raised funding, $45,000 (2016)
  • Endowed Professorship supporting the Center for Middle Eastern Architecture and Culture, $300,000
  • The Afterlife of Paradise public lecture, community-raised funding, $5,500 (2014)
  • Cinema and Study of Urban Form panel and screening, community-raised funding, $2,500 (2013)
  • Pasargadae film screening, community-raised funding, $8,500 (2013)
  • CMEAC Interdisciplinary Symposium, community-raised funding, $9,300 (2013)
  • Incredible Isfahan public lecture, community-raised funding, $8,200 (2010)
  • Luminous Design lecture and workshop by Nader Ardalan, community-raised funding, $7,500 (2010)
  • Philadelphia Country House: Concept of Placemaking, Graham Foundation, $7,500 (2003)
  • The Middle East Architecture: In Search of a New Identity, University of Oklahoma Research Council, $5,000 (2002)
  • Traditional Houses of 18th/19th Century in Iran, Aga Khan Program for Islamic Arts and Architecture, MIT, $7,000 (2001)
  • A Monumental Manifestation of Sufi Tradition in Islamic Architecture of Iran, University of Oklahoma Research Council, $6,000 (2000)
  • Post-World War Two Campus Planning in Iran, Aga Khan Program for Islamic Arts and Architecture, MIT, $3,500 (2000)
  • Religious Buildings: Measurement and Visual Survey of Safavid Architecture in Iran, Aga Khan Program for Islamic Arts and Architecture, MIT, $7,500 (1999)

  • Dr. Bozorgi's research has never been separable from the act of being present in the spaces he studies. His founding of the Center for Middle Eastern Architecture and Culture (CMEAC) at the University of Oklahoma established an institutional infrastructure for this inquiry — a platform through which interdisciplinary symposia, international design studios, documentary film initiatives, and collaborative partnerships with scholars at MIT, Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, the Architectural Association London, and institutions across Iran, Italy, and the Gulf have sustained a decade-long dialogue on the comparative morphology of built form. The empirical foundation for The Grammar of Space rests on fieldwork of unusual duration and geographic range. Three summers of concentrated study in Kerman and Yazd yielded aerial drone surveys, measured recordings, and comprehensive 3D documentation of historic complexes. Over the past four years, annual expeditions have extended this practice into the historical fabric of Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. Concurrent research partnerships with the University of Florence, the University of Siena, the University of Granada, and the Office of Norman Foster have contributed critical interdisciplinary perspectives on environmental performance and urban morphology.
  • What binds these activities into a single intellectual undertaking is the conviction they have progressively confirmed: that cultures which never met and never shared a single precedent arrived independently at structurally consonant spatial resolutions — not by erecting enclosures but by giving disciplined form to emptiness.